Methods of forming an electronic structure may include forming a seed layer on an electronic substrate, and forming a conductive shunt layer on portions of the seed layer wherein portions of the seed layer are free of the conductive shunt layer. A conductive barrier layer may be formed on the conductive shunt layer opposite the seed layer wherein the conductive shunt layer comprises a first material and wherein the barrier layer comprises a second material different than the first material. Moreover, a solder layer may be formed on the barrier layer opposite the conductive shunt layer wherein the solder layer comprises a third material different than the first and second materials. Related structures are also discussed.
Electronic Structures Including Conductive Layers Comprising Copper And Having A Thickness Of At Least 0.5 Micrometers
An electronic structure may include a conductive pad on a substrate, and an insulating layer on the substrate and on the conductive pad. The insulating layer may have a via therein so that a portion of the conductive pad opposite the substrate is free of the insulating layer. A conductive layer comprising copper may be on the portion of the conductive pad free of the insulating layer, on sidewalls of the via, and on surface portions of the insulating layer surrounding the via opposite the substrate and the conductive pad, and the conductive layer comprising copper may have a thickness of at least approximately 1. 0 μm. A conductive barrier layer may be on the conductive layer comprising copper, and the conductive barrier layer may include at least one of nickel, platinum, palladium, and/or combinations thereof. A solder layer may be on the conductive barrier layer, the conductive layer comprising copper and the solder layer may comprise different materials, and the conductive barrier layer may be between the conductive layer comprising copper and the solder layer.
Gaseous Fuel Supply And Control System For An Internal Combustion Engine
Application
#4520785 Jun 4, 1985
Filed
Feb 1, 1984
Inventor
William H. Batchelor (Jensen Beach, FL)
Appl. No.
6/575776
Assignee
Propane Carburetion Systems, Inc. (Stuart, FL)
International Classification
F02M 2102
U.S. Classification
123525
Abstract
A control system for an auxiliary gaseous fuel supply system for an internal combustion engine utilizing a primary liquid fuel supply includes a pressure regulator that is controlled by two pressure signals generated in response to engine operating conditions to enable the pressure regulator to respond more rapidly to changes in engine operating conditions. A valve in the pressure regulator is controlled by a diaphragm subjected on its opposite sides to a pair of pressure signals, one of the signals corresponding to the usual long term gas fuel demand signal which primarily controls the position of the regulator valve, the other signal corresponding to shorter term changes in intake air flow conditions in the intake air duct of the engine to augment or oppose the primary signal, depending upon instantaneous intake air flow conditions. A modulator valve blocks the secondary, short term control signal under conditions of full power demand on the engine, to enable the primary signal to effect total regulator valve control.
Propane Carburetion System
Application
#4413607 Nov 8, 1983
Filed
Mar 25, 1981
Inventor
William H. Batchelor (Lantana, FL) ·
Douglas R. Batchelor (Buchanan, MI)
Appl. No.
6/247598
Assignee
William H. Batchelor (Lantana, FL) ·
Douglas R. Batchelor (Buchanan, MI)
International Classification
F02B 4300, F02M 2900
U.S. Classification
123590
Abstract
A system for an existing combustion engine is provided for enabling the engine to be operated on liquefied propane, alone, through a conventional gasoline carburetor, to operate on either gasoline or liquefied propane through a conventional gasoline carburetor, to operate on liquefied propane, alone, through an inlet casting to be utilized in lieu of a conventional gasoline carburetor, or to operate on liquefied propane, alone, at a substantially constant engine speed. Further, the system is also operative in conjunction with a diesel engine whereby a small amount of gasified liquid propane may be introduced into the induction system of a diesel engine as a supplemental fuel charge therefor during high power demand periods of operation. The system includes a regulator-vaporizer assembly for reducing the pressure of and thus transferring liquid propane into gasified liquid propane, heating the propane gas and ducting the propane gas to an induction passage mixer, the latter including various adjustment features whereby the proper mixture of induction air and propane is afforded.
Systems And Methods For Wirelessly Projecting Power Using In-Phase Current Loops And For Identifying Radio Frequency Identification Tags That Are Simultaneously Interrogated
An array of in-phase current loops are disposed adjacent to one another to define a surface and to define a virtual current loop at a periphery of the surface that produces a same direction virtual current while current in adjacent portions of adjacent current loops flows in opposite directions, to thereby wirelessly project power from the surface. It has been found according to the invention that the array of in-phase current loops that are disposed adjacent to one another to define a surface and to define a virtual current loop at a periphery of the surface that produces a same direction virtual current while current in adjacent portions of adjacent current loops flows in opposite directions, can provide acceptable power to RFID tags, while reducing the risk of violating regulatory constraints. A plurality of arrays of in-phase current loops also may be provided. The multiple arrays of in-phase current loops are disposed adjacent to one another to define a surface. Each array of in-phase current loops may be configured as was described above. N-ary tree traversals, push and pop commands and/or warp commands also may be used to efficiently identify tags.
Systems And Methods For Wirelessly Projecting Power Using In-Phase Current Loops
An array of in-phase current loops are disposed adjacent to one another to define a surface and to define a virtual current loop at a periphery of the surface that produces a same direction virtual current while current in adjacent portions of adjacent current loops flows in opposite directions, to thereby wirelessly project power from the surface. It has been found according to the invention that the array of in-phase current loops that are disposed adjacent to one another to define a surface and to define a virtual current loop at a periphery of the surface that produces a same direction virtual current while current in adjacent portions of adjacent current loops flows in opposite directions, can provide acceptable power to RFID tags, while reducing the risk of violating regulatory constraints. A plurality of arrays of in-phase current loops also may be provided. The multiple arrays of in-phase current loops are disposed adjacent to one another to define a surface.
Claim
What is claimed is: 1. A system for wirelessly projecting power to wirelessly power microelectronic devices, the system comprising: an array of current loops that are disposed adjacent to one another to define a surface and to define an in-phase virtual current loop at a periphery of the surface that produces a same direction, in-phase virtual current while current in adjacent portions of adjacent current loops flows in opposite directions, to wirelessly project power orthogonal to the surface to power microelectronic devices that are spaced apart from, and orthogonal to, the surface; wherein the array of current loops comprises an array of at least ten wedge-shaped current loops each having an outer portion and a pair of sides. the at least ten wedge-shaped current loops being disposed adjacent to one another to define a surface such that currents in the outer portions are in-phase and current in adjacent sides of adjacent current loops are out-of-phase. 2. A system for wirelessly projecting power to wirelessly power microelectronic devices, the system comprising: a plurality of arrays of current loops, the arrays of current loops being disposed adjacent to one another to define a surface, each array of current loops defining an in-phase virtual current such that in-phase virtual currents of at least some adjacent arrays of current loops are not in-phase with one another, each array of current loops comprising a plurality of current loops that are disposed adjacent to one another in the surface, such that current in adjacent portions of adjacent current loops in an array flows in opposite directions, to wirelessly project power orthogonal to the surface to power microelectronic devices that are spaced apart from, and orthogonal to, the surface. 3.
Methods Of Forming Electronic Structures Including Conductive Shunt Layers And Related Structures
Methods of forming an electronic structure may include forming a seed layer on an electronic substrate, and forming a conductive shunt layer on portions of the seed layer wherein portions of the seed layer are free of the conductive shunt layer. A conductive barrier layer may be formed on the conductive shunt layer opposite the seed layer wherein the conductive shunt layer comprises a first material and wherein the barrier layer comprises a second material different than the first material. Moreover, a solder layer may be formed on the barrier layer opposite the conductive shunt layer wherein the solder layer comprises a third material different than the first and second materials. Related structures are also discussed.
Carburetor For Gaseous Fuel
Application
#4594990 Jun 17, 1986
Filed
Jun 3, 1985
Inventor
William H. Batchelor (Hayesville, NC)
Appl. No.
6/740814
Assignee
Propane Carburetion Systems, Inc. (Stuart, FL)
International Classification
F02M 2104
U.S. Classification
123527
Abstract
A gaseous fuel carburetor includes a gas flow control valve movable both by the engine intake air stream via a vane member in the intake air duct and by a fluidic (e. g. , vacuum) actuator in the valve assembly, the actuator being controllable in response to engine load demand, whereby the total gas valve opening is responsive to intake air flow and engine load. A motion damper for the valve is included, and a dual gas/liquid fuel supply system is also described wherein the air vane can be retracted to a nonobstructing position relative to the air duct when the supply of gas fuel is ceased.
Control Valve For Dual Fuel Operation Of An Internal Combustion Engine
Application
#4614168 Sep 30, 1986
Filed
Apr 19, 1985
Inventor
William H. Batchelor (Jensen Beach, FL)
Appl. No.
6/724831
Assignee
Propane Carburetion Systems, Inc. (Stuart, FL)
International Classification
F02B 300
U.S. Classification
123 27GE
Abstract
A control system for a dual fuel engine using primary diesel fuel and supplemental gas fuel such as propane or natural gas includes a control valve that controls supplemental fuel mixing with intake air by using an air deflectable member that controls the position of a valve controlling the admission of supplemental gas to the engine intake airstream. A damper is provided on the air flow responsive member to improve valve operation and a lost motion connection is provided between the air flow responsive member and the control valve element to permit independent movement of the elements. Normal flow of supplemental fuel to the control valve is further modulated in response to certain engine operating conditions using an engine condition comparator that generates a control signal used by the supplemental fuel pressure regulator to further modulate the supply of supplemental fuel to the intake airstream. The system includes a supplemental fuel shut-off system that restores full primary diesel fuel flow to the engine when the supply of supplemental fuel approaches depletion.
Devices and methods are described for fabricating field effect transistors (FET) using compound semiconductor front end of line (FEOL) integrated with back end of line (BEOL) technologies for applications including power management and communications. Wafer-level FEOL processing with a minimum number of thin interconnects may be used to produce multiple chiplets, which are small, high current density functional building blocks. Chiplets may have tight source/drain finger pitch, high gate width per area, and minimum lateral current flow, to reduce resistance, FEOL process complexity, and cost. Panel-level BEOL processing may serve as an inexpensive extension of FEOL processes. BEOL may form multiple interconnect layers and via bars with progressively increasing thickness and cross section area. These BEOL interconnects and via bars connect together the parallel chiplets, handle lateral flow of high current and reduce electrical and thermal resistance the FETs to increase current carrying capacity of the FETs.
Methods Of Forming Electronic Structures Including Conductive Shunt Layers And Related Structures
Methods of forming an electronic structure may include forming a seed layer on an electronic substrate, and forming a conductive shunt layer on portions of the seed layer wherein portions of the seed layer are free of the conductive shunt layer. A conductive barrier layer may be formed on the conductive shunt layer opposite the seed layer wherein the conductive shunt layer comprises a first material and wherein the barrier layer comprises a second material different than the first material. Moreover, a solder layer may be formed on the barrier layer opposite the conductive shunt layer wherein the solder layer comprises a third material different than the first and second materials. Related structures are also discussed.
Non-Circular Via Holes For Bumping Pads And Related Structures
Application
#7531898 May 12, 2009
Filed
Nov 9, 2005
Inventor
William E. Batchelor (Raleigh, NC) ·
Glenn A. Rinne (Apex, NC)
Appl. No.
11/270366
Assignee
Unitive International Limited (Curacao)
International Classification
H01L 23/48, H01L 23/52, H01L 29/40
U.S. Classification
257737, 257738, 257779, 257780
Abstract
An integrated circuit device may include a substrate, a conductive pad on a surface of the substrate, and a conductive line on the surface of the substrate. Moreover, the conductive line may be connected to the conductive pad, and the conductive line may be narrow relative to the conductive pad. In addition, an insulating layer may be provided on the substrate, on the conductive line, and on edge portions of the conductive pad. The insulating layer may have a hole therein exposing a central portion of the conductive pad, and a first segment of a perimeter of the hole may substantially define an arc of a circle around the central portion of the conductive pad. A second segment of the perimeter of the hole may substantially deviate from the circle around the central portion of the conductive pad, and the second segment of the perimeter of the hole may be adjacent a connection between the conductive line and the conductive pad.
Turbocharged Ram Tornado Engine With Transmission And Heat Recovery System
Application
#5749220 May 12, 1998
Filed
Feb 7, 1996
Inventor
William Herbert Batchelor (Melbourne, FL)
Appl. No.
8/597945
Assignee
Devine Rendezvous (Providenciales)
International Classification
F02C 300
U.S. Classification
60 3975
Abstract
A turbocharged ram tornado engine coupled with a jet tornado turbine heat recovery system, a variable speed fluid transmission, and a muffler/water recovery assembly. A combustor provides a source of hot gases which are forced into a tornado form inside an annular chamber housing a first turbine wheel, water is injected in the gas stream, the swirling gases are then passed to a second turbine wheel, via a turbocharger connected to the first turbine exhaust which provides air to the combustor, and a muffler/water recovery system for condensing and recovering water injected into the engine.
Process For Controlling Secondary Gas Fuel To Normally Liquid Fueled I.c. Engine
Application
#4513727 Apr 30, 1985
Filed
Nov 23, 1983
Inventor
Thomas Lagano (Juno Beach, FL) ·
William H. Batchelor (Jensen Beach, FL)
Appl. No.
6/554624
Assignee
Propane Carburetion Systems, Inc. (Stuart, FL)
International Classification
F02M 2107
U.S. Classification
123525
Abstract
A process for controlling the supply of gaseous secondary fuel to the intake air stream of an I. C. engine normally supplied with liquid primary fuel includes the steps of supplying the gaseous secondary fuel to the engine air intake stream according to a desired air-to-fuel ratio during normal engine operation by utilizing a movable air flow responsive member in the path of the air intake stream to control the position of a gas valve in the gas fuel supply system, and effecting closure of the gas valve as the engine speed controller approaches its idle or off position without positively moving the air flow responsive member. The flow of secondary gas fuel to the engine is thus reduced or stopped without altering the position of the air flow responsive member which continues to move in response to intake air flow. The gaseous fuel, if supplied to a supercharged liquid fuel burning engine, is pressurized by the supercharger system upstream of the engine intake air ports.
Fuel Feed Control System And Control Valve For Dual Fuel Operation Of An Internal Combustion Engine
Application
#4535728 Aug 20, 1985
Filed
Feb 2, 1984
Inventor
William H. Batchelor (Jensen Beach, FL)
Appl. No.
6/576428
Assignee
Propane Carburetion Systems, Inc. (Stuart, FL)
International Classification
F02M 2102
U.S. Classification
123 27GE
Abstract
A control system for a dual fuel engine using primary diesel fuel and supplemental gas fuel such as propane or natural gas includes a control valve that controls supplemental fuel mixing with intake air by using an air deflectable member that controls the position of a valve controlling the admission of supplemental gas to the engine intake airstream. A damper is provided on the air flow responsive member to improve valve operation and a lost motion connection is provided between the air flow responsive member and the control valve element to permit independent movement of the elements. Normal flow of supplemental fuel to the control valve is further modulated in response to certain engine operating conditions using an engine condition comparator that generates a control signal used by the supplemental fuel pressure regulator to further modulate the supply of supplemental fuel to the intake airstream. The system includes a supplemental fuel shut-off system that restores full primary diesel fuel flow to the engine when the supply of supplemental fuel approaches depletion.
Liquefied Propane Carburetor Modification System
Application
#4369751 Jan 25, 1983
Filed
Aug 13, 1980
Inventor
William H. Batchelor (Lantana, FL) ·
Douglas R. Batchelor (Buchanan, MI)
Appl. No.
6/177790
Assignee
Ayres Technologies, Inc. (West Palm Beach, FL)
International Classification
F02B 4300
U.S. Classification
123527
Abstract
A system which can be retrofit into an existing conventional gasoline powered vehicle for enabling the vehicle to operate on either gasoline or liquefied propane fuel. The system includes a mixer in the form of an adapter to fit on the top of an existing carburetor. The mixer has a unique spring balanced metering device which controls flow of gaseous propane to the carburetor in proportion to airflow through the carburetor. The mixer is connected to a regulator assembly which receives liquid propane in a first chamber, heats the liquid propane to form a vapor, and feeds the vapor through an idle valve to control idling of the engine. The vapor is also passed to a second chamber of the regulator assembly in response to demand from the metering device which is sensed by a diaphragm actuated gas flow valve. From the second chamber, the gaseous propane is fed to a high speed inlet of the mixer. Engine manifold vacuum is also used to provide additional control for the gas flow valve to increase efficiency of the system.
Catalysts For Converting Syngas Into Liquid Hydrocarbons And Methods Thereof
The presently-disclosed subject matter includes methods for producing liquid hydrocarbons from syngas. In some embodiments the syngas is obtained from biomass and/or comprises a relatively high amount of nitrogen and/or carbon dioxide. In some embodiments the present methods can convert syngas into liquid hydrocarbons through a one-stage process. Also provided are catalysts for producing liquid hydrocarbons from syngas, wherein the catalysts include a base material, a transition metal, and a promoter. In some embodiments the base material includes a zeolite-iron material or a cobalt-molybdenum carbide material. In still further embodiments the promoter can include an alkali metal.
The present disclosure presents a circuit, a method, and a system to drive a half-bridge switch using depletion (D) mode compound semiconductor (III-V) switching transistors for a DC-DC converter using at least one driver to drive the switches of the circuit. Also included is at least one charge pump electrically connected to a gate of the transistor, to maintain a voltage that holds the transistor in an off-state. The circuit includes AC coupling capacitors to level shift a voltage and realize fast transistor switching.